Countries of the middle east
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The document summarizes key countries in the Middle East region. It describes Afghanistan as a landlocked country located in the far east with mountainous terrain and diverse ethnic groups. Iran is also described as mountainous with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, allowing it to export goods via shipping routes. Iraq is located west of Iran and has the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flowing through it. Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Turkey borders Iraq, Syria and Iran to the north and west, and is where the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers originate. Israel was created in 1948 by the UN as a homeland for Jewish people
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The document summarizes the key geographical features of the Middle East region. It describes the three peninsulas - Sinai, Arabian, and Anatolia - that extend into the region. It then outlines the major rivers that run through the area, including the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. The document also discusses important waterways like the Jordan River, Dead Sea, Persian Gulf, and Strait of Hormuz. Large deserts such as the Syrian Desert and Rub al-Khali are also referenced. Finally, it notes the generally hot and dry climate of the Middle East.
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The document summarizes the key geographical features of the Middle East region. It describes the three peninsulas - Sinai, Arabian, and Anatolia - that extend into the region. It then outlines several important rivers that flow through the Middle East, including the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, which join to form the Shaat al-Arab waterway before emptying into the Persian Gulf. The document also mentions the Jordan River, Dead Sea, Strait of Hormuz, Suez Canal, and large deserts like the Syrian Desert and Rub' al Khali. The climate of the Middle East is generally very hot and dry, though coastal areas have more moderate temperatures.
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The document discusses the geography of the Middle East. It notes that the region is strategically located between Europe, Africa and Asia. Water resources like the Tigris, Euphrates and Nile Rivers are important but also cause conflicts over access. Geographic features like deserts dictate where people can live and major cities have formed along rivers and coastlines. The Middle East has significant oil resources that the United States relies on for about 30% of its imports.
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Iran is located in the Middle East, bordering several bodies of water. It has a population of over 65 million and a long history dating back thousands of years. Traditions in Iran include observing a month-long fast in December and removing shoes when visiting someone's home. Weather varies by season, with hot summers and mild, rainy springs. Iran has also been involved in significant wars, such as the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, and is home to diverse wildlife including the endangered Asiatic Cheetah and Persian Leopard. Notable mountains include Mount Damavand, the highest peak in the Middle East.
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7 ss - chapter two south, southwest, & central asia physical geography ppt
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Religious and ethnic groups of sw asia
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Middle east geography ppt
The document summarizes the key geographical features of the Middle East region. It describes the three peninsulas - Sinai, Arabian, and Anatolia - that extend into the region. It then outlines the major rivers that run through the area, including the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. The document also discusses important waterways like the Jordan River, Dead Sea, Persian Gulf, and Strait of Hormuz. Finally, it notes the large desert regions like the Syrian Desert and Rub al-Khali, and describes the generally hot and dry climate of the Middle East.
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The document summarizes key physical geography and human geography aspects of Africa. It describes several major land features, water features, and trade routes on the continent. It also outlines Africa's key natural resources such as gold, diamonds, oil, natural gas, and forests. Regarding human geography, it notes that Africa's current population is over 1.3 billion people and the median age is 19.7 years. Population density varies significantly across the continent.
AFRICA-PRESENTATION-BACKGROUND-AND-GEOGRAPHY
The document summarizes key physical geography and human geography aspects of Africa. It describes several major land features, water features, and trade routes on the continent. It also outlines Africa's key natural resources such as gold, diamonds, oil, natural gas, and forests. Regarding human geography, it notes that Africa's current population is over 1.3 billion people and the median age is 19.7 years. Population density varies significantly across the continent.
South West Asia Regional
The document summarizes key geographic features of South West Asia, including its mountain ranges, rivers, climate, agriculture, mineral resources, oil production, industry, and transportation. The major mountain ranges include the Armenian Highlands, Taurus, Pontic, Anatolian, Elburz, and Zagros Mountains. Key rivers are the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which flow through Mesopotamia, and the Jordan River. Agriculture is important and includes fruits, vegetables, wheat and barley in some areas, and camels, sheep and goats in others like Saudi Arabia. Oil production is a major industry, with Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq being top producers. Industry is not very advanced overall aside
United Arab Emirates
The document provides information about the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in several sections:
1. It describes the location and borders of the UAE in the Middle East region between Oman and Saudi Arabia.
2. Details are given about the climate, geography, and environment of the UAE, noting it has a hot desert climate with some coastal rainfall.
3. An overview of the history and formation of the UAE is given, including its origins as a British protectorate and formation as a federation in 1971 from seven emirates.
Wildlife and Transportation of Africa
This document provides summaries of different types of wildlife found across Africa. It discusses the animals found in equatorial forests, savannas, deserts, woodlands, grasslands, Madagascar island, southeast coasts, Ethiopian highlands and more. The equatorial forests have the richest diversity with up to 400 bird species, 150 butterfly species and 60 amphibian species in a small area. Savannas support many large mammals adapted to seasonal food variability. Desert wildlife includes gerbils, foxes and reptiles tolerant of harsh conditions. Coastal regions historically had large predators like lions and leopards but many have disappeared due to human influences.
North africa and southwest asia
This document provides an overview of the physical, cultural, and economic geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia. Some key points:
1) The region is defined by its deserts and mountains, populations that practice Islam, Christianity or Judaism, and large oil reserves.
2) The landscape was shaped by tectonic activity, with mountain ranges like the Atlas and coastal plains supporting some agriculture. Water systems like the Nile and Tigris-Euphrates were cradles of civilization.
3) Culturally, the region has been influenced by Arab, European and other invaders. Oil discoveries transformed economies, though water scarcity remains a challenge.
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European economies
The document compares the economies of the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. The UK has a mixed market economy and is one of the world's leading industrial powers, with major industries including machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and food processing. Germany has the largest economy in Europe and is third largest in the world, with industries like iron, steel, chemicals, vehicles, and machinery. Russia has a mixed economy moving from communist command to market principles; it has a large natural resource base but exploitation is challenging due to climate and infrastructure.
Deformation
The video discusses the different types of forces that can act on and deform the Earth's crust, including compression, tension, and shearing. Compression causes squeezing and folding of rocks to form structures like anticlines and synclines. Tension causes pulling apart and thinning of the crust to form rift valleys. Shearing causes twisting and tearing of rocks. Different rock types and environmental conditions influence whether the crust folds or faults under geological forces.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes form where magma reaches the Earth's surface through openings called vents. There are several types of volcanoes defined by their eruptive activity and structure. Cinder cones have short eruptions that build steep slopes from ejected cinders. Shield volcanoes have long-lasting eruptions that spread lava over large areas to form broad dome shapes like Hawaii's Mauna Loa. Composite volcanoes like Italy's Mount Etna are made of layers from violent and quiet eruptions. Volcanoes can be classified as active if currently erupting, dormant if not currently erupting but historically active, or extinct if no known eruptions in history. Most volcanism occurs along zones of
Seismic waves
Deep underground, rocks are under constant pressure until the strain becomes too great and the rocks suddenly break, releasing seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter in three types - P waves which push and pull, S waves which move sides to side, and L waves which cause surfaces to bob up and down. When recorded by a seismograph, the first indication of an earthquake is typically the P waves, followed by larger S waves, with surface L waves arriving last.
Earthquakes
An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of parts of the Earth's crust and results in shaking and trembling of the ground. There are over one million earthquakes each year, with around twenty having the potential to cause severe damage. Earthquakes are caused by faults in the Earth's crust, such as the San Andreas Fault in California where the land west of the fault moves north and the land east moves south. Underwater earthquakes can generate destructive tsunamis. The focus is the depth below the surface where the earthquake occurs, and the epicenter is directly above on the surface. Seismographs detect seismic waves that travel out from the epicenter, including fast P waves and slower S waves.
Deformation
The video discusses the different forces that act on the earth's crust and how they cause deformation through various mechanisms. Compression causes squeezing and increases density, tension causes pulling and decreases density, and shearing causes twisting. These forces result in fracturing, faulting, and folding of rocks in the crust. Fractures are cracks, faults are cracks with lateral movement, and folds are bends in rock layers. Anticlines are upward folds and synclines are downward folds. Various factors like temperature, pressure, rock type, and rate of force application determine whether rocks fault or fold when subjected to deformation.
European governments
The document summarizes the government and political systems of the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. It describes that the UK has a Parliament with two houses, the House of Commons and House of Lords, and citizens elect members of Commons while Lords are inherited titles. Germany is a federal republic with a Chancellor as head of government and largely ceremonial President. Russia transitioned to a federal republic after the Soviet fall, with a dominant presidential system and a two-chamber Parliament.
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The document discusses different types of plate boundaries, including divergent boundaries where plates move apart, such as at mid-ocean ridges which form undersea mountain ranges as oceanic crust spreads away from the ridge. It also describes transform boundaries where plates slide past each other in opposite directions, such as at the San Andreas Fault in California.
Plate tectonics review
The plates are moving at a very slow rate of between one to ten centimeters per year. In some areas plates are moving together through a process called convergence, while in other areas they are moving apart. There are three main types of convergent boundaries: continental-continental, continental-oceanic, and oceanic-oceanic. At convergent boundaries, one plate dives beneath the other through subduction, which can cause volcanic activity at the surface.
Plate tectonics
The document discusses the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that move slowly over time due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they move together, and transform boundaries where plates slip past each other.
Systems of government powerpoint (unitary, confederation, federal)updated 2010
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This document discusses different systems of government and how power is distributed in each. It begins by asking the reader to identify the different levels of government where they live. It then explains that governments are organized to protect citizens and manage conflict. There are different types of governments like democracies, republics, and monarchies. Geographers study the types of governments and how power is distributed through systems. The main systems are unitary, confederation, and federal. Unitary governments have one central power. Confederation governments give some power to members. Federal governments share power between a central and state/provincial governments. Diagrams and country examples are provided to illustrate each system.Continental drift
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift, which suggested that the continents were once joined together in a super continent called Pangaea before drifting apart to their current locations. Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain the driving force behind continental movement. Evidence that later emerged in support of continental drift includes: matching fossil and rock formations between continents, matching climate zones in pole and equatorial regions, and magnetic pole reversal patterns in ocean floor sediments. This evidence helped prove that continents have shifted positions over time.
Sea floor spreading
1) The Mid-Ocean Ridge system circles the Earth along the ocean floor and is over 56,000 km long. It forms at divergent plate boundaries where new oceanic crust is continually being formed.
2) Scientists use sonar to map the ocean floor and study its features like the Mid-Ocean Ridge. Sonar bounces sound waves off underwater objects to image the seafloor.
3) Evidence like magnetic stripes in ocean crust and samples dug from the seafloor support the theory of sea floor spreading, where new crust forms at ridges and spreads out over time.
Earths structure
The document discusses the four main layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It explains that the crust is the outermost layer and includes both continental and oceanic crust, with oceanic crust being denser. The mantle is below the crust and contains hot, dense rock. The outer core is a liquid layer surrounding the solid inner core, where extreme pressure causes iron and nickel atoms to remain solid.
Geologic time magazine
This document outlines the requirements for a group project where students work with a partner to create a magazine. Each person must complete two 20 point activities and one 10 point activity by certain checkpoint dates. They must also turn in their completed magazine by October 15th, which can include different formats like articles, interviews, or political cartoons, but each format can only be used once and one activity must use a longer writing format.
Geological time scale
The document summarizes the geologic time scale, which is divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil evidence showing changes in Earth's organisms over its 4.56 billion year history. The largest divisions are eras, including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and current Cenozoic. Each era is characterized by the dominant lifeforms and events of that time period. The geologic time scale helps break up Earth's history into more manageable chunks for study.
Fossils
Fossils are the remains or traces of prehistoric life found in sedimentary rocks. The type of fossil formed depends on how and where the organism died and was buried. Fossils can be unaltered remains like teeth and shells, or altered remains that have changed over time through processes like petrification or carbonization. Trace fossils provide indirect evidence of prehistoric life through things like tracks, burrows, and coprolites. Fossils are important for interpreting ancient environments and changes over time.
Relative and absolute dating
The document discusses methods for dating geological materials and events. Relative dating methods, like the law of superposition and index fossils, are used to determine the sequence of events but not calculate specific ages. Absolute dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, are used to determine specific numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Radiocarbon dating works by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in once-living materials, as carbon-14 decays at a known rate. Together, relative and absolute dating methods provide information about the timing of geological events and processes.
Paleontology and uniformitariansm
Paleontology is the study of past life through the examination of plant and animal fossils. Paleontologists study fossils and the environments they formed in to piece together details about past ecosystems. The principle of uniformitarianism, first developed by James Hutton in 1788, holds that the same geological processes shaping Earth today have operated throughout its history. This theory helped establish that Earth is much older than previously believed. Relative dating methods like the law of superposition and use of index fossils allow paleontologists to determine the sequential order of geological events and changing life forms without knowing exact time periods.
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- 1. Countries of the Middle East